Highlights•Industrially produced B vitamins are widely used in feed, food, cosmetics and
pharma.•Most B vitamins are produced by chemical synthesis in a non-sustainable …

Bacteria have a remarkable ability to sense environmental changes, swiftly regulating their
transcriptional and posttranscriptional machinery as a response. Under conditions that …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a key component in prokaryotic
and eukaryotic immune systems. The recent discovery that Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) …

NAD is a coenzyme central to metabolism that also serves as a 5′-terminal cap for bacterial
and eukaryotic transcripts. Thermal degradation of NAD can generate nicotinamide and …

The existence of non-canonical nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NAD) 5′-end capped
RNAs is now well established. Nevertheless, the biological function of this nucleotide …

The 5′ N 7-methylguanosine cap is a critical modification for mRNAs and many other RNAs
in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have uncovered an RNA 5′ capping quality surveillance …

Bacterial and eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAPs) cap RNA with the oxidized and
reduced forms of the metabolic effector nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ and …

The ubiquitous coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) decorates various
RNAs in different organisms. In the proteobacterium Escherichia coli, the NAD-cap confers …

Site-specific and covalent attachment is the most desirable immobilization strategy, but
classic methods typically require genetic engineering or complicated material fabrication …

Highlights•RNA can be modified by diverse internal and terminal modifications.•Bacteria and
bacteriophage RNA polymerases can install RNA modifications.•Bacterial enzymes remove …