After the resolution of an immune response, antigen-specific memory T cells persist at many
sites in the body. The antigen-specific memory T-cell pool includes memory T cells that …

Immunological memory is one of the features that define the adaptive immune response: by
generating specific memory cells after infection or vaccination, the host provides itself with a …

Effector cells derived from central memory CD8+ T cells were reported to engraft and survive
better than those derived from effector memory populations, suggesting that they are …

Although CD8+ T cells undergo autonomous clonal proliferation after antigen stimulation in
vivo, the expansion of activated CD4+ T cells is limited by intrinsic factors that are poorly …

To understand more about how the body recognizes alum we characterized the early innate
and adaptive responses in mice injected with the adjuvant. Within hours of exposure, alum …

Abstract Cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ T cells exist as naive, central memory, and effector
memory subsets, and any of these populations can be genetically engineered into tumor …

Many vaccines include aluminum salts (alum) as adjuvants despite little knowledge of
alum's functions. Host DNA rapidly coats injected alum. Here, we further investigated the …

Immunological memory provides the basis for successful vaccines. It is important to
understand the properties of memory cells. There is much known about the phenotype and …

It is currently not understood how some chronic infections exhaust antigen-specific T cells
over time and which pathogen components contribute to exhaustion. Here, we dissected the …

CD4 T cell help for B cells is critical for effective Ab responses. Although many of the
molecules involved in helper functions of naive CD4 T cells have been characterized, much …