Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with
particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related …

Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

Humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often of limited durability,
as seen with other human coronavirus epidemics. To address the underlying etiology, we …

Antibodies are key immune effectors that confer protection against pathogenic threats. The
nature and longevity of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well defined …

The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the
knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support …

Older people are particularly susceptible to infectious and neoplastic diseases of the lung
and it is unclear how lifelong exposure to environmental pollutants affects respiratory …

Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by
decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of …

Understanding which arms of the immune response are responsible for protection against
SARS-CoV-2 infection is key to predicting long-term immunity and to inform vaccine design …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the
pandemic human respiratory illness COVID-19, is a global health emergency. While severe …

Many studies have been performed in severe COVID-19 on immune cells in the circulation
and on cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Most studies have tended to provide …