This paper develops a framework for corporate financial disclosure measurement to identify
and evaluate common measures of financial disclosure employed in prior empirical …

The number of firms reporting earnings on a non‐GAAP basis has increased dramatically
over the last decade, and non‐GAAP reporting is now commonplace in capital markets. This …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize insights from existing research on the
disclosure of non-generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) earnings, from an …

We use newly available GAAP forecasts to document that traditionally-identified GAAP
forecast errors contain 37% measurement error. Correcting for this measurement error, we …

The frequency of non-GAAP (or “pro forma”) reporting has continued to increase in the
United States over the last decade, despite preliminary evidence that regulatory intervention …

We use hand-collected data for a sample of large European firms to investigate the influence
of countries' institutional and economic factors on managers' non-generally accepted …

We examine how exogenous changes in analyst coverage influence (1) the likelihood that
managers will voluntarily disclose customized (non-GAAP) performance metrics and (2) the …

We examine how the qualitative characteristics of a non-GAAP earnings disclosure reveal
the quality of the non-GAAP performance metric itself. We measure the qualitative aspects of …

How to account for goodwill arising from business combinations has proven to be one the
most controversial topics for the standardisation, preparation, and audit of financial reports …

This study reports international evidence on the impact of compensation and board quality
on the voluntary disclosure of non-GAAP earnings numbers. We find that compensation …