In patients with cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure is emerging
as a major cause of mortality. These guidelines indicate the preferred approach to the …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis and/or
porto-systemic shunting. The clinical symptoms are widely variable, extending from subtle …

Bacterial infections are very common and represent one of the most important reasons of
progression of liver failure, development of liver-related complications, and mortality in …

Hepatic encephalopathy in a hospitalized cirrhotic patient is associated with a high mortality
rate and its presence adds further to the mortality of patients with acute-on-chronic liver …

Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of bacterial infections. Bacterial infections induce
systemic inflammation that may lead to organ failure and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function occurring
in patients with advanced liver diseases. The precise pathophysiology of HE is still under …

Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to develop infections because of immune dysfunction,
changes in microbiome and increase in bacterial translocation from the gut to systemic …

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a subclinical cognitive impairment frequently
observable in patients with cirrhosis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can contribute to small …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication in patients with advanced liver
disease. It is a brain dysfunction characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms …

Cirrhosis is the common end-stage of chronic liver diseases of different etiology. The altered
bile acids metabolism in the cirrhotic liver and the increase in the blood-brain barrier …