Roughly one quarter of all genes code for integral membrane proteins that are inserted into
the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of …

The timely production of functional proteins is of critical importance for the biological activity
of cells. To reach the functional state, newly synthesized polypeptides have to become …

At what point during translation do proteins fold? It is well established that proteins can fold
cotranslationally outside the ribosome exit tunnel, whereas studies of folding inside the exit …

Multipass membrane proteins contain two or more α-helical transmembrane domains
(TMDs) that span the lipid bilayer. They are inserted cotranslationally into the prokaryotic …

Protein transport via the Sec translocon represents an evolutionary conserved mechanism
for delivering cytosolically-synthesized proteins to extra-cytosolic compartments. The Sec …

Maintaining a functional proteome under different environmental conditions is challenging
for every organism, in particular for unicellular organisms, such as bacteria. In order to cope …

Gram negative bacteria possess a large variety of protein transport systems, by which
proteins that are synthesised in the cytosol are exported to destinations in the cell envelope …

Members of the Oxa1 superfamily perform membrane protein insertion in bacteria, the
eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and endosymbiotic organelles. Here, we review …

The spatial and temporal coordination of protein transport is an essential cornerstone of the
bacterial adaptation to different environmental conditions. By adjusting the protein …

The genus Rickettsia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) is comprised of
obligate intracellular parasites, with virulent species of interest both as causes of emerging …