Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor
symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological …

Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a
complex risk structure thought to be influenced by interactions between genetic variants and …

Background Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis
implicating both environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to summarise the …

Background Exposure to pesticides has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), although
associations between specific pesticides and PD have not been well studied. Residents of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an advanced neurodegenerative disease (NDD) caused by the
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra (SN). As PD is an age …

Background The aim of this paper is to investigate the causality of the inverse association
between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD). The main suggested alternatives …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative
disease, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The selective neuronal cell death in PD …

How the network around ROS protects against oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease
(PD), and how processes at the minutes timescale cause disease and aging after decades …

Background Recent in vitro and animal experiments suggest that peroxisome proliferation-
activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ) agonist medications, such as antidiabetic glitazone …

Epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson's
disease (PD) patients. However, some neoplasms are associated with a higher risk of …