Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) convert signals from the electrical to the optical domain.
They are at the heart of optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and …

Lithium niobate (LN), an outstanding and versatile material, has influenced our daily life for
decades—from enabling high-speed optical communications that form the backbone of the …

Photonic integrated circuits have the potential to pervade into multiple applications
traditionally limited to bulk optics. Of particular interest for new applications are ferroelectrics …

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) is a well-known multifunctional crystal that has been widely
applied in various areas of photonics, electronics, and optoelectronics. In the past …

Photonics on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has emerged as one of the most pursued
disciplines within integrated optics. Ultracompact and low-loss optical waveguides and …

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) technology is revolutionizing the lithium niobate industry,
enabling higher performance, lower cost and entirely new devices and applications. The …

Crystalline lithium niobate (LN) is an important optical material because of its broad
transmission window that spans from ultraviolet to mid-infrared and its large nonlinear and …

Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides are a powerful platform for efficient
wavelength conversion. Conventional PPLN converters, however, typically require long …

Recently, integrated photonics has attracted considerable interest owing to its wide
application in optical communication and quantum technologies. Among the numerous …

The excellent optical and unique material properties of lithium niobate have long
established it as a prevailing photonic material, especially for the long‐haul telecom …