Brain disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and function of the
brain as a consequence of progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Aging is a …

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. To date, a multiplicity of mouse
models with Down-syndrome-related features has been developed to understand this …

Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by brain hypotrophy and intellectual disability starting
from early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that the phenotypic features of the DS …

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor
cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest …

Background Down syndrome (DS) individuals, by the age of 40s, are at increased risk to
develop Alzheimer-like dementia, with deposition in brain of senile plaques and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease with tens of
millions of people affected worldwide. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood and …

Cognitive disability is an unavoidable feature of Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder
due to the triplication of human chromosome 21. DS is associated with alterations of …

Intellectual disability is the unavoidable hallmark of Down syndrome (DS), with a heavy
impact on public health. Reduced neurogenesis and impaired neuron maturation are …

Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in which
delays and impairments in brain development and function lead to neurological and …

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as a variety of other protein fragments, are derived from
proteolytical cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and have been demonstrated …