The large volumes of oily wastewater generated by various industries, such as oil and gas,
food and beverage, and metal processing, need to be de-oiled prior to being discharged into …

Separation of liquid–liquid emulsions is a challenging problem that has gained importance
with the development of unconventional oil resources. Large volumes of water contaminated …

The economic impact of fouling in spiral wound membranes is not yet well explored. There
has been an established assumption that the cost of fouling in membrane processes is …

The application of polymer membranes in wastewater treatment and desalination is
widespread. Nevertheless, the longstanding biofouling issue on membrane surface has …

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a common occurrence in all raw waters (eg, surface waters,
groundwater, and wastewater) that are used for freshwater production. NOM is a leading …

Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment, wastewater
reclamation and seawater desalination. Feed spacer present in spiral wound membrane …

Interest in forward osmosis (FO) research has rapidly increased in the last decade due to
problems of water and energy scarcity. FO processes have been used in many applications …

Imaging of biofilm systems is a prerequisite for a better understanding of both structure and
its function. The review aims to critically discuss the use of optical coherence tomography …

Catheter-related biofilm infection remains the main problem for millions of people annually,
affecting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Despite the recent advances in the …

Pressure-driven membrane processes are often used for the separation and purification of
organic compounds originating from biomass. However, membrane fouling remains a …