COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), to …

Background The classical definition of probiotics indicates “they are live microorganisms
which, when ingested in adequate amounts can provide health benefits to the host”. These …

Intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, has been
reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In this study, in vitro cultures …

According to outcomes from clinical studies, an intricate relationship occurs between the
beneficial microbiota, gut homeostasis, and the host's health status. Numerous studies have …

Objectives CD4+ T cells are the key to many immune–inflammatory diseases mediated by
microbial disorders, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study …

Feline chronic enteropathy (CE) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in cats and mainly
comprises inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small cell lymphoma (SCL). Both IBD and …

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by accelerated tumor
necrosis factor-α/interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis. Patients with psoriasis manifest functional …

Background Increasing evidence suggests that not only genetics, but also environmental
factors like gut microbiota dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac …

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder initiated by the ingestion of gluten in
genetically predisposed individuals. Recent data shows that changes in the gut microbiome …

Vitamin D is an important factor in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and
carcinoma inhibition via action of its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent studies have …