The emergence and propagation of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs is a serious
public health threat worldwide. The current antibacterial arsenal is becoming obsolete, and …

Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious
respiratory tract infections and middle ear infections in children and adults. M. catarrhalis …

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections are becoming more
prevalent all over the world. As a cost-effective and preventative method, vaccination seems …

Salmonella typhi is notorious for causing enteric fever which is also known as typhoid fever.
It emerged as an extreme drug resistant strain that requires urgent attention to prevent its …

Significant advancement has been made in the development of vaccines against bacterial
pathogens. However, several roadblocks have been found during the evaluation of vaccines …

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family
Enterobacteriaceae. While E. coli can stay as an innocuous resident in the digestive tract, it …

Shigellosis is a significant type of diarrhea that causes 160,000 deaths annually in a global
scale. The mortality occurs mainly in children less than 5 years of age. No licensed vaccine …

Background Shigella is one of the major causes of dysenteric diarrhea, which is known
shigelosis. Shigelosis causes 160,000 deaths annually of diarrheal disease in the global …

Chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular pathogen and causes variety of deadly infections in
humans. Antibiotics are effective against C. psittaci however high percentage of resistant …

Biofilm vaccine has been recognised as one of the successful strategy to reduce the
Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. But, the vaccine contains the protective and non …