Systemic immune activation is increased in HIV-infected individuals, even in the setting of
virus suppression with antiretroviral therapy. Although numerous factors may contribute …

The ability of a host to sense invasion by pathogenic organisms and to respond
appropriately to control infection is paramount to survival. In the case of sepsis and septic …

Chronic activation of the immune system is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and
better predicts disease outcome than plasma viral load, yet its etiology remains obscure …

Soluble CD14 is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV disease. It is a co-receptor for
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is released from monocytes upon activation. We demonstrate …

Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the
gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 are signal transducers for lipopolysaccharide, the major
proinflammatory constituent in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. We observed …

Immune responses are initiated when molecules of microbial origin are sensed by the Toll‐
like receptors (TLRs). We now report the identification of essential molecular components for …

Background. Biomarkers of inflammation, altered coagulation, and monocyte activation are
associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population and …

CD14, a high-affinity receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a glycoprotein expressed on
the surface membranes of monocytes/macrophages. We have identified a previously …

Objective: Here we evaluated whether neurocognitive disorders in HIV-infected individuals
on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with persistent monocyte activation …