Reference intervals (RIs) can be determined by direct and indirect procedures. Both
approaches identify a reference population from which the RIs are defined. The crucial …

Reference intervals are essential for the interpretation of laboratory test results in medicine.
We propose a novel indirect approach to estimate reference intervals from real-world data …

Background/Objectives: We present a software package called reflimR (Version 1.0. 6),
which enables rapid and transparent verification of reference intervals from routine …

Objectives Although there are several indirect methods that can be used to verify reference
limits, they have a common weakness in that they assume a low proportion of pathological …

Simple Summary Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) is a bait poison used for the control of
several introduced predators in Australia and New Zealand. In highly susceptible species …

Objectives Conventionally, reference intervals are established by direct methods, which
require a well-characterized, obviously healthy study population. This elaborate approach is …

Objectives Indirect methods for the indirect estimation of reference intervals are increasingly
being used, especially for validation of reference intervals, as they can be applied to routine …

Over time, the metrological concept of uncertainty in measurement has been very
successfully integrated into laboratory sciences. For proper implementation, an …

Reference intervals play an important role in medicine, for instance, for the interpretation of
blood test results. They are defined as the central 95% values of a healthy population and …

Clustering algorithms are usually iterative procedures. In particular, when the clustering
algorithm aims to optimise an objective function like in k-means clustering or Gaussian …