On Hofstadter butterfly spectrum: Chern-Simons theory, subband gap mapping, IQHE and FQHE labelling

FA Buot, G Maglasang, AR Elnar, CM Galon - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2021 - arxiv.org
The magnetic field affects the Bloch band structure in a couple of ways. First it breaks the
Bloch band into magnetic subbands or the Landau levels are broadened into magnetic …