There has been a strong consumer demand to take welfare into account in animal
production, including table eggs. This is particularly true in Europe and North America but …

Lay cycle lengths in the Canadian egg industry are currently 50-52 weeks (68-70 weeks of
age). In light of increased productivity in commercial laying hens over the last few decades …

This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of laying hens, pullets and layer breeders on
farm. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system …

Simple Summary Nowadays, the industry aims to extend egg laying until hens are 100
weeks old or longer (from 65 to 70 weeks currently) to make egg production more …

Background Bone damage has welfare and economic impacts on modern commercial
poultry and is known as one of the major challenges in the poultry industry. Bone damage is …

To deeply understanding the impact of peripheral energy level on the development of
ovaries during the sexual maturation of chicken, in this study, the ovaries and serum of …

Estradiol-17β (E2) has long been studied as the primary estrogen involved in sexual
maturation of hens. Due to the oviparous nature of avian species, ovarian production of E2 …

Keel bone damage, include deviations and fractures, is common in both white and brown
laying hens, regardless of the housing system. Radiography for assessing birds' keel bones …

Simple Summary Keel bone damage is an important welfare issue for laying hens. Four
lines of laying hens, differing in phylogenetic origin and laying rate kept in single cages or a …

In the modern layer industry, improvement of bone quality is one of the prior tasks to solve
from economic and welfare standpoints. In addition to nutritional and environmental factors …