This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers,
horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as …

Until around 2000, giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis were believed to have no social structure.
Despite a resurgence of interest in giraffe behaviour in around 2010, most studies are of …

With its iconic appearance and historic popular appeal, the giraffe is the world's tallest living
terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Recent years have seen much-needed new …

Ecological factors have a pervasive impact on animal population sizes and the structure of
their social systems. In a number of ungulate species, predator pressure exerts a major …

Data collected on life-history parameters of known-age animals from the northern (NR) and
southern resident (SR) killer whales (Orcinus orca) of the eastern North Pacific were …

Female distribution exerts a major impact on male mating tactics. Giraffe cows have a
reproductive cycle, and a social system, that should favor a male roaming reproductive …

Provides a comprehensive overview of one of nature's most engaging mammals Covers
fossil history, taxonomy, genetics, physiology, biomechanics, behavior, ecology, and …

In this article we show that the population of Serengeti Masai giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis
tippelskirchi is extremely female biased, particularly among newborns. Our results suggest …

Simple Summary Animals in zoos can adapt to many noises they hear on a regular basis.
However, construction noise that is intense or occurs unpredictably may negatively impact …

Gestation and lactation can impose substantial energetic costs on female mammals. We
developed a non-invasive means to determine reproductive condition in female giraffe using …