An important technological revolution is underway in the field of neuroscience as we begin
the 21st century. The combination of optical methods with genetically encoded …

Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical
stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant …

Dendritic spines are small protrusions that mediate most of the excitatory synaptic
transmission in the brain. Initially, the anatomical structure of spines has suggested that they …

In calcium imaging studies, Ca2+ transients are commonly interpreted as neuronal action
potentials (APs). However, our findings demonstrate that robust optical Ca2+ transients …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) could potentially be used for mapping
neural circuits at the plane of synaptic potentials and plateau potentials—two blind spots of …

Key points Τhe axonal Na+ fluorescence underlying an action potential in the axon initial
segment was optically measured at unprecedented temporal resolution. The measurement …

The initiation and propagation of the action potential (AP) along an axon allows neurons to
convey information rapidly and across distant sites. Although AP properties have typically …

In neocortical layer‐5 pyramidal neurons, the action potential (AP) is generated in the axon
initial segment (AIS) when the membrane potential (Vm) reaches the threshold for activation …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators create an opportunity to monitor electrical activity in
defined sets of neurons as they participate in the complex patterns of coordinated electrical …

Repetitive firing of granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) facilitates synaptic
transmission to the CA3 region. This facilitation can gate and amplify the flow of information …