Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more
years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have …

Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a
broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through …

Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the
long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and …

Women are under-represented in research on suicidality to date. Although women have a
lower rate of suicide completion than men, due in part to the less-violent methods used, they …

Background/Aims: Astrocytes are critical for the development of postoperative cognitive
dysfunction (POCD). In addition, astrocytes express toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and build up …

Astrocytes are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system, which are critical for
development and maintenance of synaptic transmission and hence of synaptically …

Objective (s): The neuroprotective effect of lithium has been attributed to its therapeutic
action. However, the role of glial cells particularly astrocytes, and the possible interactions …

ObjectiveThe exact pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is not yet fully understood, and
there are many questions in this area which should be answered. This review aims to …

Lithium chloride (LiCl), which is a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, is known
to induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and to regulate apoptosis. To determine the …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of brain injury, which is a major cause of
mortality in humans. Hydrocephalus and cerebral hematoma lead to severe neurological …