The prognostic stratification of heart failure remains an urgent need for correct clinical
management of the affected patients. In fact, due to the high mortality and morbidity rates …

For decades, cardiologists have largely underestimated the role of the right heart in heart
failure due to left heart disease. Nowadays, the importance of evaluating right ventricular …

Background Poor functional capacity has been identified as an important modifiable risk
factor for postoperative complications. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides …

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains poorly understood and, consequently,
largely underused in respiratory medicine. In addition to a widespread lack of knowledge of …

Increased ventilation relative to metabolic demands, indicating alveolar hyperventilation
and/or increased physiological dead space (excess ventilation), is a key cause of exertional …

Background Post COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by several cardiorespiratory
symptoms but the origin of patients' reported symptomatology is still unclear. Methods …

Aim The aim of the study is (i) to evaluate the impact of exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV)
in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) …

In the last decades, the pharmacological treatment of heart failure (HF) become more
complex due to the availability of new highly effective drugs. Although the cardiovascular …

Background In clinical practice, anaerobic threshold (AT) is used to guide training and
rehabilitation programs, to define risk of major thoracic or abdominal surgery, and to assess …

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was limited to peak oxygen consumption analysis
(VO2peak), and now the ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope is …