Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in
tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

Recent drug development efforts targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed to produce
effective disease-modifying agents for many reasons, including the substantial …

Objective Physical activity (PA) is associated with a decreased incidence of dementia, but
much of the evidence comes from short follow-ups prone to reverse causation. This meta …

The beneficial effects of physical activity on brain ageing are well recognised, with
exerkines, factors that are secreted into the circulation in response to exercise, emerging as …

The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of
neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses …

Mitochondria are associated with various cellular activities critical to homeostasis,
particularly in the nervous system. The plastic architecture of the mitochondrial network and …

Endurance exercise is a widely accessible, low-cost intervention with a variety of benefits to
multiple organ systems. Exercise improves multiple indices of physical performance and …