About 5% of American women and 12% of men will develop a kidney stone at some time in
their life, and prevalence has been rising in both sexes. Approximately 80% of stones are …

The most common presentation of nephrolithiasis is idiopathic calcium stones in patients
without systemic disease. Most stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate and form …

Purpose: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis,
prevention and follow-up of adult patients with kidney stones based on the best available …

Results Calcium oxalate (67%) was the most common followed by hydroxyapatite (16%),
uric acid (8%), struvite (3%), brushite (0.9%), and cystine (0.35%). Men accounted for more …

A 43-year-old man presents for evaluation of recurrent kidney stones. He passed his first
stone 9 years earlier and has had two additional symptomatic stones. Analysis of two stones …

Context: The pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney stone formation are complex and involve
both metabolic and environmental risk factors. Over the past decade, major advances have …

Crystalline materials are crucial to the function of living organisms, in the shells of molluscs,,,
the matrix of bone, the teeth of sea urchins, and the exoskeletons of coccoliths. However …

All stones share similar presenting symptoms, and urine supersaturation with respect to the
mineral phase of the stone is essential for stone formation. However, recent studies using …

Purpose: The incidence and prevalence of urolithiasis are increasing but clinicians also
have the impression that gender and age distributions of stone formers are changing …

Low urinary citrate excretion is a known risk factor for the development of kidney stones.
Citrate inhibits stone formation by complexing with calcium in the urine, inhibiting …