Human actions challenge nature in many ways. Ecological responses are ineluctably
complex, demanding measures that describe them succinctly. Collectively, these measures …

Anthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations can strongly
influence the structure and function of ecosystems. Even though lotic ecosystems receive …

Disturbances are fundamental components of ecosystems and, in many cases, a dominant
driver of ecosystem structure and function at multiple spatial and temporal scales. While the …

Oceanic conditions are changing at an unprecedented rate, and these anthropogenically
driven changes will intensify into the future. The marine biota will encounter a complex …

Stream managers need to understand relationships between multiple stressors and
ecological responses. We examined responses of benthic invertebrates and algae along …

Modification of natural landscapes and land‐use intensification are global phenomena that
can result in a range of differing pressures on lotic ecosystems. We analysed national‐scale …

Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide
range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have …

Marine sediments are important sites for global biogeochemical cycling, mediated by
macrofauna and microalgae. However, it is the microorganisms that drive these key …

Many of the world's major cities are located in coastal zones, resulting in urban and
industrial impacts on adjacent marine ecosystems. These pressures, which include …

Complex regimes of stress arise when multiple stressors combine simultaneously, with
varying degrees of temporal separation or variation in their sequential order. A manipulative …