Advances in the treatment of malignant and inflammatory diseases have developed over
time, with increasing use of chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents of a range of …

The introduction and broad use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic
agents and JAK inhibitors, have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease …

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents represent an effective treatment for chronic
inflammatory diseases. However, some concerns about their potentially undesirable effects …

Background Studies have demonstrated an association between anti-TNF/
immunomodulator agents used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impaired hepatitis …

Background Poor immune responses are frequently observed in patients with inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) receiving established vaccines; risk factors include …

Abstract Background and Aims The effectiveness and safety of vaccinations can be altered
by immunosuppressive therapies, and perhaps by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) itself …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent worldwide and is associated with dramatic
levels of morbidity and mortality. Isolated anti-HBc (IAHBc) is a particular serological pattern …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunological disorder that is usually treated with
immunosuppressive therapy, potentially leading to increases in vulnerability to infections …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can lead to severe acute hepatic failure and death in
patients with HBV infection. HBV reactivation (HBVr) most commonly develops in patients …

Background Hepatobiliary and pancreatic manifestations have been reported in patients
with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Our aim was to describe the prevalence of …