Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health. It increases
morbidity and mortality, and is associated with high economic costs due to its health care …

Introduction Rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally continue to pose agrave
threat to human health. Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately …

Background: As called for by the Sustainable Development Goals, governments,
development partners and civil society are working on anti-corruption, transparency and …

Without a proper mechanism to track and authenticate drugs, both stakeholder and
consumer experience dilemmas. The dilemmas arise between stakeholders and consumers …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health challenge that is expected to
disproportionately burden lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the coming …

Approximately 10% of antimicrobials used by humans in low-and middle-income countries
are estimated to be substandard or falsified. In addition to their negative impact on morbidity …

Objectives Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat with
substandard and falsified (SF) antibiotics being neglected contributing factors. With their …

Low‐and middle‐income countries (LMIC) face unique challenges with regard to the
establishment of robust pharmacovigilance systems capable of generating data to inform …

Insufficient access to quality, safe, efficacious and affordable medical products in Africa has
posed a significant challenge to public health for decades. In part, this is attributed to weak …

Falsified and substandard medicines are associated with tens of thousands of deaths,
mainly in young children in poor countries. Poor-quality drugs exact an annual economic toll …