The hydrophilic nature of peptides and proteins renders them impermeable to cell
membranes. Thus, in order to successfully deliver peptide and protein-based therapeutics …

In the field of nanotherapeutics, gaining cellular entry into the cytoplasm of the target cell
continues to be an ultimate challenge. There are many physicochemical factors such as …

Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines
and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop …

The demand for highly efficient macromolecular drugs, used in the treatment of many severe
diseases, is continuously increasing. However, the hydrophilic character and large …

Conspectus For a long time, peptides were considered unsuitable for drug development due
to their inherently poor pharmacokinetic properties and proteolytic susceptibility. However …

One of the main obstacles to most medication administrations (such as the vaccine
constructs) is the cellular membrane's inadequate permeability, which reduces their …

A fundamental understanding of the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical interactions at
the phospholipid bilayer interface is crucial for developing potential drug-delivery …

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are composed of 4–40 amino acids and are able to pass
through cell membranes via endocytosis and/or direct penetration.[1–5] Most CPPs are able …

Abstract Effects of oligotryptophan end-tagging on the uptake of arginine-rich peptides into
melanoma cells was investigated under various conditions and compared to that into non …

Hypothesis Permeation of macromolecular drugs across biological plasma membranes is a
major challenge in drug delivery. Cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are attractive …