Fish coloration, evolved from selection and adaptation, is a prominent feature of remarkable
aquaculture merits. Fish possess more pigment cell types than any other vertebrates and are …

The increased capacity of DNA sequencing has significantly advanced our understanding of
the phylogeny of birds and the proximate and ultimate mechanisms molding their genomic …

Coloration is an easily quantifiable visual trait that has proven to be a highly tractable system
for genetic analysis and for studying adaptive evolution. The application of genomic …

Carotenoids exert a rich variety of physiological functions in mammals and are beneficial for
human health. These lipids are acquired from the diet and metabolized to apocarotenoids …

The genetic architecture of a phenotype can have considerable effects on the evolution of a
trait or species. Characterizing genetic architecture provides insight into the complexity of a …

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates diverse developmental events and can drive disparate
cellular outcomes. In zebrafish, TH has opposite effects on neural crest derived pigment …

Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color
by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown …

Sexual dichromatism, a difference in coloration between males and females, may be due to
sexual selection for ornamentation and mate choice. Here, we show that carotenoid-based …

The colorful phenotypes of birds have long provided rich source material for evolutionary
biologists. Avian plumage, beaks, skin, and eggs—which exhibit a stunning range of cryptic …

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites,
vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and …