I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Vitamin D is a lipo-soluble hormone well known for its effects on calcium homeostasis and
bone metabolism. Recently, there has been growing interest in the extraskeletal effects of …

Vitamin D is one of the indispensable nutrients of human body. When vitamin D is deficient,
it can cause a series of related diseases, such as respiratory tract infection. The regulatory …

Objective To evaluate the serum vitamin D level in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with
nasal polyps and its correlation with the disease severity. Setting Hospital of Zhejiang …

Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis is a highly heterogeneous chronic inflammation of the
upper respiratory tract caused by immune dysfunction in human beings. However, the …

Background Currently vitamin D3 (VD3) or cholecalciferol is considered an
immunomodulator that may be implicated in nasal polyposis (NP) pathophysiology …

Rationale Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have been
shown to be vitamin D3 (VD3) deficient, which is associated with more severe disease and …

We previously examined the cellular uptake of six types of vitamin D in human intestinal
Caco-2 cells. Since vitamins D5–D7 were commercially unavailable, we synthesized these …

Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many inflammatory respiratory disease
states. However, serum vitamin D concentrations may not reflect tissue‐specific availability …

The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still unknown, but it is accepted that
various inflammatory factors are responsible for the different CRS subtypes. Vitamin D3 has …