Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling
events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a …

Abstract Background The cJun-N-terminal-kinase (JNK) plays a central role in the cell stress
response, with outcomes ranging from cell death to cell proliferation and survival, depending …

Immune check point blockade therapy has revolutionized the standard of cancer treatment
and is credited with producing remarkable tumor remissions and increase in overall survival …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse cellular programs by
relaying extracellular signals to intracellular responses. In mammals, there are more than a …

The MAPK cascades are central signaling pathways that regulate a wide variety of
stimulated cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and stress …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed,
protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that …

Cells respond to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the environment. These
changes include alterations in the amount of nutrients, growth factors, cytokines, and …

Obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance and establishes the leading risk factor
for type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the molecular mechanisms of this association are poorly …

Malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce cellular stress and activate c-
Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs or SAPKs). Mammalian homologs of yeast IRE1, which …

The transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) is involved in cellular proliferation,
transformation and death. Using mice and cells lacking AP-1 components, the target-genes …