Global warming has serious implications for all aspects of human life, including infectious
diseases. The effect of global warming depends on the complex interaction between the …

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in eastern North America in 1999 was a major
event in modern arbovirology, not because of its disease impact or the potential threat it …

Since first discovered in the New York City area in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has become
established over much of the continental United States and has been responsible for> …

Climatic changes forecasted in the coming years are likely to result in substantial alterations
to the distributions and populations of vectors of arthropod-borne pathogens …

Abstract Changes in the type and prevalence of human diseases have occurred during shifts
in human social organization, for example, from hunting and gathering to agriculture and …

Background Estimates of the geographical distribution of Culex mosquitoes in the Americas
have been limited to state and provincial levels in the United States and Canada and based …

ABSTRACT The recognition of West Nile (WN) virus in the Western Hemisphere in the
summer of 1999 marked the first introduction in recent history of an Old World flavivirus into …

The Flavivirus genus is in the family Flaviviridae and is comprised of more than 70 viruses.
These viruses have a broad geographic range, circulating on every continent except …

To evaluate the role of Culex mosquitoes as enzootic and epidemic vectors for WNV, we
identified the source of vertebrate blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification and …

The emergence of several high profile infectious diseases in recent years has focused
attention on our need to understand the ecological factors contributing to the spread of …