Dust storms originate in many of the world's drylands and frequently present hazards to
human society, both within the drylands themselves but also outside drylands due to long …

There is large uncertainty about the magnitude of warming and how rainfall patterns will
change in response to any given scenario of future changes in atmospheric composition and …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Desertification is a change in soil properties, vegetation or climate, which results in a
persistent loss of ecosystem services that are fundamental to sustaining life. Desertification …

Whether during past climate stages or into a progressively warming world, changes in
precipitation constitute a key component of climatic change. Quantitative proxies for palaeo …

The dust cycle is an integral part of the Earth system. Each year, an estimated 2000 Mt dust
is emitted into the atmosphere, 75% of which is deposited to the land and 25% to the ocean …

Residual macronutrients in the surface Southern Ocean result from restricted biological
utilization, caused by low wintertime irradiance, cold temperatures, and insufficient …

This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol
models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

We use the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) sensor on the Nimbus 7 satellite to
map the global distribution of major atmospheric dust sources with the goal of identifying …