Unprecedented street protests brought down Mubarak's government and ushered in an era
of competition between three rival political groups in Egypt. Using daily variation in the …

Social scientists have long viewed the decision to protest as strategic, with an individual's
participation a function of their beliefs about others' turnout. We conduct a framed field …

We examine the link between the threat of violence and democratization in the context of the
Great Reform Act passed by the British Parliament in 1832. We geo‐reference the so‐called …

We study the causes of sustained participation in political movements. To identify the
persistent effect of protest participation, we randomly indirectly incentivize Hong Kong …

Durante la mayor parte de la historia del país, la mayoría de los colombianos han vivido en
pobreza absoluta y han estado atestados de violencia e inseguridad. Mi argumento es que …

We test the hypothesis that the extension of the voting franchise in Europe was related to the
threat of revolution. We contend that international diffusion of regime contention and …

States have increasingly granted voting rights to their citizens overseas. Traditional accounts
of franchise extension suggest that governments' motivations are either political (new voters …

Why do politicians rebel and vote against the party line when high stakes bills come to the
floor of the legislature? To address that question, we leverage the three so-called …

Existing theories of democratic reversals emphasize that elites mount actions like coups
when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests. However, existing theory has …

The Great Reform Act of 1832 was a watershed for democracy in Great Britain. We study the
vote on 22 March 1831 in the House of Commons to test three competing theories of …