The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease,
which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus has emerged as a major global health concern that
has accelerated in recent years due to poor diet and lifestyle. Afflicted individuals have high …

Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that stimulate
the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), resulting in uncontrolled secretion of …

Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas. The
main responsible mechanism is related to autoantibodies that bind and activate the …

Due to its potential adverse effects on human health, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of
the once widely used legacy per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), has been recently …

Thyroid hormones (THs), including T4 and T3, are produced and released by the thyroid
gland under the stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The homeostasis of THs is …

Myo-Inositol (MYO) is the most abundant stereoisomer of inositols' family, cyclic polyols with
6 hydroxyl groups. Myo-Inositol has a relevant role in thyroid function and autoimmune …

Allosteric regulation is critical for the functioning of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
and their signaling pathways. Endogenous allosteric regulators of GPCRs are simple ions …

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a highly persistent and widespread chemical in the
environment with endocrine disruption effects. Although it has been reported that PFOA can …

Mutations in the genes encoding Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) containing proteins are
associated with over sixty human diseases; these include high myopia, mitochondrial …