Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of
chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises …

Since its creation in 2002, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has produced risk
assessments for over 5000 substances in> 2000 Scientific Opinions, Statements and …

Abstract In 2016, the European Commission launched the EU-ToxRisk research project to
develop and promote animal-free approaches in toxicology. The 36 partners of this …

New approach methodologies (NAMs) for chemical hazard assessment are often evaluated
via comparison to animal studies; however, variability in animal study data limits NAM …

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (DHFR), Toxicity
in Tetrahymena pyriformis (TP), Acute Toxicity in fathead minnow (TFat), Water solubility …

Optimal (flexible) descriptors were used to establish quantitative structure–activity
relationships (QSAR) for toxicity of pesticides (n= 116) towards rainbow trout. A …

Diabetes, obesity and other diseases related to metabolism are worldwide health problems.
These syndromes can be well treated when a particular enzyme-based therapy is …

New approach methodologies (NAM), including omics and in vitro approaches, are
contributing to the implementation of 3R (reduction, refinement and replacement) strategies …

Amphibian populations are undergoing a global decline worldwide. Such decline has been
attributed to their unique physiology, ecology, and exposure to multiple stressors including …

The risk-characterization of chemicals requires the determination of repeated-dose toxicity
(RDT). This depends on two main outcomes: the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) …