Mammals synchronize their circadian activity primarily to the cycles of light and darkness in
the environment. This is achieved by ocular photoreception relaying signals to the …

The mammalian circadian system is a complex hierarchical temporal network which is
organized around an ensemble of uniquely coupled cells comprising the principal circadian …

The mammalian circadian timing system is composed of a central pacemaker in the
suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain that synchronizes countless subsidiary oscillators in …

Disrupted sleep-wake and molecular circadian rhythms are a feature of aging associated
with metabolic disease and reduced levels of NAD+, yet whether changes in nucleotide …

Impairment of the circadian clock has been associated with numerous disorders, including
metabolic disease. Although small molecules that modulate clock function might offer …

The molecular machinery that governs circadian rhythmicity comprises proteins whose
interplay generates time-specific transcription of clock genes. The role of chromatin …

Period determination in the mammalian circadian clock involves the turnover rate of the
repressors CRY and PER. We show that CRY ubiquitination engages two competing E3 …

The human pineal gland is a neuroendocrine transducer that forms an integral part of the
brain. Through the nocturnally elevated synthesis and release of the neurohormone …

The circadian clock in mammals is driven by an autoregulatory transcriptional feedback
mechanism that takes approximately 24 hours to complete. A key component of this …

Regulation of circadian physiology relies on the interplay of interconnected transcriptional–
translational feedback loops,. The CLOCK–BMAL1 complex activates clock-controlled …