The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) families are of paramount
importance in coordinating the early immune response to pathogens. Signaling via most …

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are essential modulators of the innate immune response through
their ability to respond to a diverse range of conserved structures within microbes. Recent …

Posttranslational modification of proteins with polyubiquitin occurs in diverse signaling
pathways and is tightly regulated to ensure cellular homeostasis. Studies employing …

Toll‐like receptors transduce their signals through the adaptor molecule MyD88 and
members of the IL‐1R‐associated kinase family (IRAK‐1, 2, M and 4). IRAK‐1 and IRAK‐2 …

Pellino proteins were initially characterized as a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that can
catalyse the ubiquitylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and …

The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) signals via type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) and
IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP), which leads to activation of the transcription factor …

This review highlights the emerging roles of the Pellino family of E3 ubiquitin ligases as
upstream mediators in Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways that lead to activation of MAP …

Cells respond to invading pathogens and danger signals from the environment by adapting
gene expression to meet the need for protective effector molecules. While this innate …

Members of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and the interleukin 1 receptor (IL1R) superfamilies
activate various signaling cascades that are evolutionarily conserved in eumetazoans. In …

The effector T cell subset, Th17, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis and of other autoimmune diseases. The signature cytokine, IL-17, engages the IL …