Biomarker testing is crucial for treatment selection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). However, the quantity of available tissue often presents a key constraint for …

Identifying a suitable course of immunotherapy treatment for a given patient as well as
monitoring treatment response is heavily reliant on biomarkers detected and quantified in …

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major immune checkpoint protein that
mediates antitumor immune suppression and response. Preliminary data suggest that its …

Few studies have focused on antigen preservation in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded
(FFPE) tissue in old archival material and additional studies are required, especially …

Bottom-up mass spectrometry–based proteomics relies on protein digestion and peptide
purification. The application of such methods to broadly available clinical samples such as …

Antigen decay in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections for
immunohistochemistry is a well-known phenomenon which may have repercussions on …

Phase 2 clinical trials utilising novel anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies are being conducted in oral
cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, data regarding PD-L1 …

Purpose Androgen receptor (AR) expression is frequent in breast cancer and has been
associated with good prognosis in several studies. The present study investigates AR …

Objectives Recent commercialization of methods for in situ hybridization using Z-pair
probe/branched DNA amplification has led to increasing adoption of this technology for …

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is influenced by several factors such as cold ischemia time,
fixative, fixation time, paraffin, storage time, antibody, antigen retrieval technique and …