The changing thermal state of permafrost
Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …
Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost
Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …
Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and their services
Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …
Characteristics, drivers and feedbacks of global greening
Vegetation greenness has been increasing globally since at least 1981, when satellite
technology enabled large-scale vegetation monitoring. The greening phenomenon, together …
technology enabled large-scale vegetation monitoring. The greening phenomenon, together …
[HTML][HTML] Summer warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra biome
Arctic warming can influence tundra ecosystem function with consequences for climate
feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra …
feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra …
[HTML][HTML] Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance
Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …
Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic
As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread
greening at high latitudes. This 'greening of the Arctic'is among the world's most important …
greening at high latitudes. This 'greening of the Arctic'is among the world's most important …
The polar regions in a 2 C warmer world
Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …
The terrestrial carbon sink
TF Keenan, CA Williams - Annual Review of Environment and …, 2018 - annualreviews.org
Life on Earth comes in many forms, but all life-forms share a common element in carbon. It is
the basic building block of biology, and by trapping radiation it also plays an important role …
the basic building block of biology, and by trapping radiation it also plays an important role …