Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing peptides and proteins known as toxins,
which are responsible for the deleterious effect of envenomations. Across the animal …

Hyperuricemia, a disorder of uric acid metabolism, serves as a significant risk factor for
conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and various metabolic …

PEGylation was firstly described around 50 years ago and has been used for more than 30
years as a strategy to improve the drugability of biopharmaceuticals. However, it remains …

The Kv1. 3 channel has become a therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases.
Several Kv1. 3 channel blockers have been characterized from scorpion venom; however …

Bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from proteins in food possess significant potential as
functional food ingredients. Traditional enzymatic hydrolysis is often constrained by raw …

The production of therapeutic recombinant toxins requires careful host cell selection.
Bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells are common choices, but no universal solution exists …

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2)
interacts with the ACE2 receptor in human cells and starts the infection of COVID-19 …

Animal venoms are a rich and complex source of components, including peptides (such as
neurotoxins, anionic peptides and hypotensins), lipids, proteins (such as proteases …

Industrial processes have expanded with the ability to clone and express recombinant
immobilized enzymes in microorganisms such as Pichia pastoris that have commercially …

Background Alpha-scorpion toxins with long-chain peptide and four disulfide bonds
represent diverse pharmacological profiles for various subtypes of voltage-gated sodium …