The static sagittal balance of the normal spine is a physiological alignment of the spine in
the most efficient manner by the muscular forces. During gait, this balance is constantly …

This paper is a narrative review of normal cervical alignment, methods for quantifying
alignment, and how alignment is associated with cervical deformity, myelopathy, and …

ABSTRACT Background: The sacroiliac joints (SIJs), the largest axial joints in the body, sit in
between the sacrum and pelvic bones on either side. They connect the spine to the pelvis …

Lumbar fusion often remains the last treatment option for various acute and chronic spinal
conditions, including infectious and degenerative diseases. Placement of a cage in the …

Purpose Several risk factors and causes of adjacent segment disease have been debated;
however, no quantitative relationship to spino-pelvic parameters has been established so …

The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in
facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with …

Study design A meta-analysis. Objective We performed a meta-analysis to explore the
incidence and risk factors of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after posterior lumbar …

Study Design. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Objective. To compare
midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open …

The purpose of this study was to explore incidence and risk factors of adjacent segment
disease (ASD) following posterior decompression and instrumented fusion for degenerative …

Background context Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is symptomatic deterioration of spinal
levels adjacent to the site of a previous fusion. A critical issue related to ASD is whether …