Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Genomics-based precision medicine has revolutionized oncology but also has inherent
limitations. Functional precision oncology is emerging as a complementary approach that …

Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate
cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by …

In the last decades three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer models have been proposed as a
bridge between bidimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo animal models, the gold …

Androgen deprivation therapy has a central role in the treatment of advanced prostate
cancer, often causing initial tumour remission before increasing independence from signal …

Cancer frequency and prevalence have been increasing in the past decades, with
devastating impacts on patients and their families. Despite the great advances in targeted …

From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the
inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to …

The field of 3D cell culture and its applications is rooted in the understanding of cell biology,
tissue engineering, tissue morphology, disease mechanisms, and drug action. For many …

Cancer treatment is challenged by the heterogeneous nature of cancer, where prognosis
depends on tumor type and disease stage, as well as previous treatments. Optimal patient …

Organoids are units of function of a given organ able to reproduce, in culture, a biological
structure similar in architecture and function to its counterpart in vivo. Today, it is possible to …