Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging …

Animal models are commonly used in the preclinical development of new drugs to predict
the metabolic behaviour of new compounds in humans. It is, however, important to realise …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

Cytochrome P450s comprise a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins named for the spectral
absorbance peak of their carbon-monoxide-bound species at 450 nm. Having been found in …

We investigated the elimination routes for the 200 drugs that are sold most often by
prescription count in the United States. The majority (78%) of the hepatically cleared drugs …

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) belongs to the minor drug metabolizing P450s in human
liver. Expression is highly variable both between individuals and within individuals, owing to …

The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are key enzymes in cancer formation and cancer treatment.
They mediate the metabolic activation of numerous precarcinogens and participate in the …

We used human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant cytochromes P450 (P450s) to
identify the routes of efavirenz metabolism and the P450s involved. In HLMs, efavirenz …

Many drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4, the major human drug–metabolizing cytochrome
P450 (CYP), show higher clearance in women than in men. Although this effect is believed …

Objectives: Efavirenz is an effective antiretroviral agent, but central nervous system side
effects occur commonly, and population (racial) differences in pharmacokinetics and …