Time and again, over hundreds of millions of years, environmental disturbances have
caused mass extinctions of animals ranging from reptiles to corals. The anthropogenic loss …

Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet's Bibliographia Araneorum and
are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet's time there has been considerable …

Animal venoms are theorized to evolve under the significant influence of positive Darwinian
selection in a chemical arms race scenario, where the evolution of venom resistance in prey …

ABSTRACT The Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in South Africa provides a uniquely well‐
preserved record of a Latest Devonian estuarine ecosystem. Ecological evidence from it is …

The hypothesis that tetrapods evolved from elpistostegids during the Frasnian, in a
predominantly aquatic context, has been challenged by the discovery of Middle Devonian …

Abstract Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) are a diverse and widespread arachnid order
with a rich and deep fossil record. Here we review the, sometimes complex, historical …

Abstract The rhizomorphs of Early (Devonian and Early Carboniferous) arborescent
lycopsids are known from only a handful of taxa. That of Leptophloeum is previously …

Synchrotron-based X-ray analytical techniques are gaining in prominence as a crucial yet
highly specialized tool for advancing knowledge within the broad field of the Earth Sciences …

A new lycopsid, Kowieria alveoformis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Famennian
Witpoort Formation, Grahamstown, South Africa. It possesses spirally arranged elongated …

A rich and diverse plant assemblage has been excavated from latest Devonian (Famennian)
black shales of the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) at Waterloo Farm, close to the city …