This book is intended to give you a broad overview of Applied Linguistics. It will introduce
you to important areas in the field, and familiarize you with the key issues in each of those …

Research on rater effects in language performance assessments has provided ample
evidence for a considerable degree of variability among raters. Building on this research, I …

What C-tests actually measure has been an issue of debate for many years. In the present
research, the authors examined the hypothesis that C-tests measure general language …

This research investigated the relation between rater cognition and rater behavior, focusing
on differential severity/leniency regarding criteria. Participants comprised a sample of 18 …

This review article surveys recent developments and validation activities related to four large-
scale tests of L2 English ability: the iBT TOEFL, the IELTS, the FCE, and the TOEIC. In …

This paper outlines the reform of the national school-leaving exam in Austria from a teacher-
designed exam to a professionally developed and standardized exam for the foreign …

Severity and centrality are two main kinds of rater effects posing threats to the validity and
fairness of performance assessments. Adopting Jin and Wang's (2018) extended facets …

In order to inform English foreign language (EFL) diagnostic assessment of literacy, this
study examined the extent to which 175 first-language Hebrew-speaking EFL young …

Testlets are subsets of test items that are based on the same stimulus and are administered
together. Tests that contain testlets are in widespread use in language testing, but they also …

Abstract The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning,
Teaching and Assessment (CEFR) provides a basis for foreign language education, policies …