The E5 proteins are short transmembrane proteins encoded by many animal and human
papillomaviruses. These proteins display transforming activity in cultured cells and animals …

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect
cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymphatic vessel
development and homeostasis. VEGFs are predominantly produced by endothelial …

Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are DNA oncogenic viruses inducing hyperplastic benign
lesions of both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. Ten (BPV 1-10) different viral …

The papillomavirus E5 proteins are short, hydrophobic transforming proteins. The
transmembrane E5 protein encoded by bovine papillomavirus transforms cells by activating …

Single-span transmembrane (TM) helices have structural and functional roles well beyond
serving as mere anchors to tether water-soluble domains in the vicinity of the membrane …

Integral membrane proteins are embedded in a watersolvated lipid bilayer that presents
contrasting features in an anisotropic, chemically heterogeneous environment. A …

Binding of erythropoietin to the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) extracellular domain orients
the transmembrane (TM) and cytosolic regions of the receptor dimer into an unknown …

Single-pass membrane receptors contain extracellular domains that respond to external
stimuli and transmit information to intracellular domains through a single transmembrane …

The NS1 protein of influenza A/WSN/33 virus is a 230-amino-acid-long protein which
functions as an interferon alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) antagonist by preventing the synthesis of IFN …