In vertebrates and invertebrates, morphological and functional features of gastrointestinal
(GI) tracts generally reflect food chemistry, such as content of carbohydrates, proteins, fats …

The diverse nature of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) functions has remained elusive,
and it is only recently that four additional major functions of IAP have been revealed. The …

A review and discussion of new knowledge on the structure and function of mammalian
alkaline phosphatases (APs) gained over the last 25 years. It covers:* The structure …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a model organism used to explore the virulence
strategies underlying Salmonella pathogenesis. Although intestinal mucus is the first line of …

Human and mouse alkaline phosphatases (AP) are encoded by a multigene family
expressed ubiquitously in multiple tissues. Gene knockout (KO) findings have helped define …

Over the past decade, an information explosion has occurred in the field of veterinary clinical
pathology. This is partially due to impressive technological advances in diagnostic …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may cause sepsis when it enters the blood circulation. The toxic
moiety of LPS is the well-preserved lipid A part. Lipid A contains two phosphate groups …

Natural substrates for alkaline phosphatase (AP) are at present not identified despite
extensive investigations. Difficulties in imagining a possible physiological function involve its …

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP), as a host defense factor, was first investigated in vivo
using rats orally exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After the oral administration of LPS to …

Resolvin-E1 (RvE1) has been demonstrated to promote inflammatory resolution in
numerous disease models. Given the importance of epithelial cells to coordination of …