Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper
functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and …

1, 25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1, 25 (OH) 2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The
genomic mechanism of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1, 25 (OH) …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was initially characterized as an important
regulator of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. New research advances demonstrate that …

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based
endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and …

Calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) homeostasis are coordinated by systemic and local
factors that regulate intestinal absorption, influx and efflux from bone, and kidney excretion …

The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulates a plethora of developmental
processes, including brain patterning, branching morphogenesis and limb development …

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is taken in the diet (from fortified dairy products and fish oils) or
is synthesized in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol by ultraviolet irradiation. The vitamin D …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF 23) is a bone‐derived hormone regulating renal
phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D synthesis in renal proximal tubules. Here, we show …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that affects millions of people
worldwide. Presence of CKD predisposes individuals to high risks of end-stage renal …

Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining bone health. Therefore, deficiencies in
calcium and vitamin D are major risk factors for osteoporosis development. Because …