Recently, flexible robotic systems are developed to enhance minimally invasive
interventions on internal organs located in confined areas of human body. These surgical …

Recent technological advances in surgery have resulted in the development of a range of
new techniques that have reduced patient trauma, shortened hospitalization, and improved …

In this paper, we describe the state of the art in continuum robot manipulators and systems
intended for application to interventional medicine. Inspired by biological trunks, tentacles …

Medical robotics is poised to transform all aspects of medicine—from surgical intervention to
targeted therapy, rehabilitation, and hospital automation. A key area is the development of …

Within only a few decades from its initial introduction, the field of surgical robotics has
evolved into a dynamic and rapidly growing research area with increasing clinical uptake …

With recent advances in biophotonics, techniques such as narrow band imaging, confocal
laser endomicroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and optical coherence tomography, can …

Objective: Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy is an emerging high-magnification optical
imaging technique that provides in vivo and in situ cellular-level imaging for real-time …

It is well recognised that the performance of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) imposes an
increasing burden on surgeons' manual dexterity and visuomotor control. Tissue …

Endomicroscopy is a new technique that allows human tissue to be characterized in vivo
and in situ, circumventing the need for conventional biopsy and histology. Despite increased …

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a vital technology to realize in-vivo
imaging of the organ surface in real-time. However, the field of view (FOV) of pCLE is too …