Chikungunya virus is widespread throughout the tropics, where it causes recurrent
outbreaks of chikungunya fever. In recent years, outbreaks have afflicted populations in East …

The contribution of vector transmission to pathogen establishment is largely underrated. For
Leishmania, transmission by sand flies is critical to early survival involving an irreproducible …

Our recently published research on the characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
pathogenesis in swine, identified a systemic upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) during the …

Leishmania donovani parasites are the cause of visceral leishmaniasis and are transmitted
by bites from phlebotomine sand flies. A prominent feature of vector-transmitted Leishmania …

Transmission from an infected mosquito to a host is an essential process in the life cycle of
mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mosquito saliva …

Mosquitoes transmit many disease-relevant flaviviruses. Efficient viral transmission to
mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary …

Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions
that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However …

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently caused a pandemic disease, and many cases of ZIKV infection
in pregnant women resulted in abortion, stillbirth, deaths and congenital defects including …

Mosquito blood-feeding behavior is a key determinant of the epidemiology of dengue
viruses (DENV), the most-prevalent mosquito-borne viruses. However, despite its …

To disseminate through the body, Zika virus (ZIKV) is thought to exploit the mobility of
myeloid cells, in particular monocytes and dendritic cells. However, the timing and …