For thousands of years, edible insects have been used as food to alleviate hunger and
improve malnutrition. Some insects have also been used as medicines because of their …

The rapid increase in drug-resistant infections has presented a serious challenge to
antimicrobial therapies. The failure of the most potent antibiotics to kill “superbugs” …

Antimicrobial host defense peptides are produced by all complex organisms as well as
some microbes and have diverse and complex antimicrobial activities. Collectively these …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short proteins with antimicrobial activity. A large portion of
known AMPs originate from insects, and the number and diversity of these molecules in …

Antimicrobial peptides are a vital component of the innate immune system of all eukaryotic
organisms and many of these peptides have potent antifungal activity. They have potential …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the armament that insects have developed to fight
off pathogens. Insect AMPs are typically cationic and often made of less than 100 amino acid …

The innate immune response of insects provides a robust line of defense against pathogenic
microbes and eukaryotic parasites. It consists of two types of overlapping immune …

Background Tribolium castaneum is a species of Coleoptera, the largest and most diverse
order of all eukaryotes. Components of the innate immune system are hardly known in this …

Background Aphids possess bacteriocytes, which are cells specifically differentiated to
harbour the obligate mutualist Buchnera aphidicola (γ-Proteobacteria). Buchnera has lost …

Abstract Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of
arthropods comprising nearly 13,000 extant species. Sixteen ant subfamilies have …